Inflation with shallow dip and primordial black holes

Abstract

Primordial black holes may arise through ultra slow-roll inflation. In this work we study a toy model of ultra slow-roll inflation with a shallow dip. The ultra slow-roll stage enhances the curvature perturbations and thus the primordial scalar power spectrum. We analyze the features of the power spectrum numerically and analytically, and then give a rough estimate of the lower and upper bound of the enhancement. These large perturbations also produce second order gravitational waves, which are in the scope of future observations.