Classical Yang-Baxter equation for vertex operator algebras and its operator forms

Abstract

In this paper we introduce an analog of the (classical) Yang-Baxter equation (CYBE) for vertex operator algebras (VOAs) in its tensor form, called the vertex operator Yang-Baxter equation (VOYBE). When specialized to level one of a vertex operator algebra, the VOYBE reduces to the CYBE for Lie algebras. To give an operator form of the VOYBE, we also introduce the notion of relative Rota-Baxter operators (RBOs) as the VOA analog of relative RBOs (classically called $\mathcal{O}$-operators) for Lie algebras. It is shown that skewsymmetric solutions $r$ to the VOYBE in a VOA $U$ are characterized by the condition that their corresponding linear maps $T_r:U'\to U$ from the graded dual $U'$ of $U$ are relative RBOs. On the other hand, strong relative RBOs on a VOA $V$ associated to an ordinary $V$-module $W$ are characterized by the condition that their antisymmetrizers are solutions to the $0$-VOYBE in the semidirect product VOA $V\rtimes W'$. Specializing to the first level of a VOA, these relations between the solutions of the VOYBE and the relative RBOs for VOAs recover the classical relations between the solutions of the CYBE and the relative RBOs for Lie algebras.