SonoTransformers: Ultrafast Transformable Wireless Microscale Machines

Abstract

Shape transformation, a key mechanism for organismal survival and adaptation, has gained importance across fields as diverse as electronics and medicine. However, designing and controlling microscale shape-shifting materials remains a fundamental challenge in various actuation modalities. Here, we introduce SonoTransformer, an acoustically activated micromachine that delivers ultrafast transformability using preprogrammed soft hinges. These hinges concentrate energy through intensified oscillation and provide the necessary torque for transformation. We have created new machine designs to predetermine the folding state, enabling tailoring and milliseconds transformation. Additionally, we have shown selective transformation by adjusting acoustic power, realizing high degrees of control and functional versatility. Our findings open new research avenues in acoustics, physics, and soft matter, offering new design paradigms and development opportunities in robotics, metamaterials, adaptive optics, and microtechnology.