Role of Pore Dilation in Molecular Transport through the Nuclear Pore Complex: Insights from Polymer Scaling Theory

Abstract

Recent studies have suggested that the Nuclear Pore Complex (NPC) plays a significant role in mechanotransduction. When a force is exerted, the NPC's diameter widens, leading to an increased molecular flux into the nucleus. In this study, we sought to further explore this phenomenon and quantitativelly assess the impact of pore dilation on molecular transport through the NPC. Utilizing the scaling theory of polymers, we developed a theoretical model to examine the relationship between pore size and the molecular transport rate. Our model posits that the mesh structure inside the pore, formed by FG-Nups, significantly influences the transport rate. Consequently, we propose that the transport rate is exponentially related to the pore size. To validate our model, we conducted extensive Brownian dynamics simulations. Our results demonstrated that the model accurately represents the transport dynamics except for exceptionally small molecules. For these molecules, the local mesh structure becomes less significant, and instead, they perceive the global structure of the pore. We also identified a critical threshold value, which allows for an estimation of whether a given molecule falls within the scope of our model. Our findings provide valuable insights into the dynamics of molecular transport in the NPC and pave the way for future research on the NPC's role in mechanotransduction.