The Paradox of Bose-Einstein Condensation
Abstract
The paradox of Bose-Einstein condensation is that phenomena such as the λ-transition heat capacity and superfluid flow are macroscopic, whereas the occupancy of the ground state is microscopic. This contradiction is resolved with a simple derivation for ideal bosons that shows Bose-Einstein condensation is into multiple low-lying states, not just the ground state.
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