Pump-tailored Alternative Bell State Generation in the First-Order Hermite-Gaussian basis

Abstract

We demonstrate entangled-state swapping, within the Hermite-Gaussian basis of first-order modes, directly from the process of spontaneous parametric down-conversion within a nonlinear crystal. The method works by explicitly tailoring the spatial structure of the pump photon such that it resembles the product of the desired entangled spatial modes exiting the crystal. Importantly, the result is an entangled state of balanced HG modes, which may be beneficial in applications that depend on symmetric accumulations of geometric phase through optics or in applications of quantum sensing and imaging with azimuthal sensitivity. Furthermore, the methods are readily adaptable to other spatial mode bases.