Dynamic scaling relation in quantum many-body systems

Abstract

In delocalized systems, particle number fluctuations, also known as quantum surface roughness, and the mean-square displacement exhibit a temporal power-law growth followed by a saturation to a system-size-dependent value. We use simple scaling arguments to show that these quantities satisfy the Family-Vicsek scaling law and derive a dynamic scaling relation between the dynamical exponents, assuming that the saturation times of both quantities scale similarly with the system size. This relation clarifies the mechanism behind quantum surface roughness growth and suggests that diffusive quantum many-body systems belong to the Edwards-Wilkinson universality class. Moreover, it provides a convenient way to assess quantum transport in cold-atom experiments. We numerically verify our results by studying two non-interacting models and one interacting model having regimes with distinct dynamical exponents.