The Early History of Moment Problems and Non-Negative Polynomials with Gaps: Sparse Moment Problems, Sparse Positivstellens\"atze, and Sparse Nichtnegativstellens\"atze from a T-System Point of View

Abstract

We deal with and investigate sparse univariate Positivstellens\"atze, Nichtnegativstellens\"atze, and solutions to sparse moment problems. The paper relies heavily on results on T-system by Karlin in 1963 and by Karlin and Studden in 1966. We gain complete descriptions of all sparse strictly positive and sparse non-negative algebraic polynomials on $[a,b]$ with $a\geq 0$ and $[0,\infty)$. We extend, simplify, and solve the sparse Hausdorff and Stieltjes moment problem with these results and the methods of adapted spaces and T-systems.