EPOCHS VIII. An Insight into MIRI-selected Galaxies in SMACS-0723 and the Benefits of Deep MIRI Photometry in Revealing AGN and the Dusty Universe

Abstract

We present the analysis of the stellar population and star formation history of 181 MIRI selected galaxies at redshift 0-3.5 in the massive galaxy cluster field SMACS J0723.3-7327, commonly referred to as SMACS0723, using the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI). We combine the data with the JWST Near Infrared Camera (NIRCam) catalogue, in conjunction with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) WFC3/IR and ACS imaging. We find that the MIRI bands capture PAH features and dust emission, significantly enhancing the accuracy of photometric redshift and measurements of the physical properties of these galaxies. The median photo-z's of galaxies with MIRI data are found to have a small 0.1% difference from spectroscopic redshifts and reducing the error by 20 percent. With MIRI data included in SED fits, we find that the measured stellar masses are unchanged, while the star formation rate is systematically lower by 0.1 dex. We also fit the median SED of active galactic nuclei (AGN) and star forming galaxies (SFG) separately. MIRI data provides tighter constraints on the AGN contribution, reducing the typical AGN contributions by ~14 percent. In addition, we also compare the median SED obtained with and without MIRI, and we find that including MIRI data yields steeper optical and UV slopes, indicating bluer colours, lower dust attenuation, and younger stellar populations. In the future, MIRI/MRS will enhance our understanding by providing more detailed spectral information and allowing for the study of specific emission features and diagnostics associated with AGN.