Unidirectional charge correlations in hole-doped cuprates

Abstract

We examine charge correlations and instabilities in the pseudogap phase of high-$T_c$ cuprates modeled by $d$-density wave ordering. The latter has a gap symmetry similar to the one observed in the $d$-wave superconductor. We use $t$-$J$ model to describe the charge correlations in the presence of electron-phonon interaction. Our finding suggest that the charge instability in the normal state is dominating at an incommensurate wavevector along (1, 1) instead of (1, 0) for a realistic interaction parameter. The dominance at the diagonal wavevector is further enhanced if the coupling between electron and bond-buckling $B_{1g}$ phonon is incorporated. On the other hand, a dominating charge-density correlation develops along (1, 0) at an incommensurate wavevector in the $d$-density wave ordered state, which shows a qualitative agreement with the experiments. The correlation becomes robust only in the presence of $B_{1g}$ phonon.