Quantum Error Channels in High Energetic Photonic Systems

Abstract

In medical applications -- such as positron emission tomography (PET) -- $511$keV photons that experience Compton scattering are studied. We present a consistent framework based on error-correction channels to fully describe the quantum information-theoretic content of high energetic photons undergoing Compton scattering, characterized by the Klein-Nishina formula in unoriented matter. In this way, we can predict the expected spatial distribution of two or more, pure or mixed, polarization entangled or unentangled photons. This framework allows us to characterize the accessible and inaccessible information for different parameter ranges. It also answers the question of how to describe successive multi-photon scattering. In addition our formalism provides a complete framework for dealing with single and all multi-partite errors that can occur in the propagation, providing the basis for modeling future dedicated experiments that will then have applications in medicine, such as reducing errors in PET imaging.