Black holes and foliation-dependent physics

Abstract

In theories where physics depends on a global foliation of space-time, a black hole's horizon is surrounded by an "eternity skin": a pile-up of space-like leaves that in the far-out region cover all times from the start of collapse to future eternity. Any future foliation-dependent change in the laws of physics would be enacted in this region and affect the last stages of collapse towards black hole formation. We show how in some cases the black hole never forms but, rather, bounces into an explosive event. There is also a non-local transfer of energy between the asymptotic Universe and the formed black hole precursor, so that the back hole (if formed) or the exploding star (otherwise) will have a different mass from what was initial thrown in. These last matters are generic to non-local theories and can be traced to the breakdown of the local Hamiltonian constraint.