Shadows and photon spheres in static and rotating traversable wormholes

Abstract

The shadows and photon spheres are investigated for both static and rotating traversable wormholes. In particular, with a red-shift function constructed in combination with two distinct shape functions, the null geodesic equation is found to predict the light trajectory. To explore observable phenomena and gain a deeper understanding of the gravitational influences originating from wormholes, we explicitly demonstrate the shadow produced and photon spheres associated with both static and rotating traversable wormholes by taking into account the gravitational lensing effects and photon motion in strong gravitational fields. Specifically, the ray tracing of the light geodesic and profiles of the intensity around both static and rotating traversable wormholes can be accomplished.