Extra Time Dimension: Deriving Five-Dimensional Relativistic Space-Time Transformations, Kinematics, and Time-Dependent Non-Relativistic Quantum Mechanics with Compactification

Abstract

We consider a two-time (characterized by distinct speeds of causality) and three-space-dimensional Minkowski space and derive relativistic coordinate and velocity transformation formulas and expressions for a new effective speed limit. Extending the ideas of Einstein's Theory of Special Relativity, concepts of five-velocity and five-momenta are introduced leading to a new formula for the rest energy of a massive object. Based on a non-relativistic limit, a two-time dependent Schroedinger-like equation is developed. Its solution for infinite square-well potential, after compactifying the extra time dimension in a closed loop topology with a period matching the Planck time, generates interference of additional quantum states with an ultra-small period of oscillation, as well. Some cosmological implications of the concept of four-dimensional versus five-dimensional masses are briefly discussed, too.