Effect of the Surface Dimples on the Exit Dynamics of a Sphere at a Constant Velocity

Abstract

This article experimentally investigates the exit dynamics of two different spheres i.e. a smooth sphere and a sphere with dimples at a constant speed. Employing high-speed experimental observations, the study investigates the key characteristic lengths and hydrodynamic forces between the sphere's surface and water. The experiments were performed at different traveling speeds (or Froude numbers). The results shed light on the drag force coefficient, entrainment force coefficient, and cross-over force coefficient. In this paper, we have shown that the surface dimples not only affect the drag force but also the entrainment force. However, the cross-over force coefficient remains the same.