A sharp stability criterion for Euler equations via sparseness

Abstract

We introduce sparse versions of function spaces that are relevant to characterize the solutions of Euler equations without concentration. The standard Sobolev space $H^{-1}$ is given a sparse structure that allows to measure the degree of compactness of embeddings into $H^{-1}$ and provides new quantitative general criteria for $H^{-1}$-stability. Indices of sparseness are defined, and function spaces whose indices have prescribed decay are constructed, resulting in an improvement of the classical $H^{-1}$-stability results: sparse stability. The analysis relies on the introduction of sparse Riesz-Morrey-Tadmor spaces, that are characterized via maximal operators and new sparse domination theorems, together with extrapolation techniques. Our methods also yield improvements on recent results on the conservation of energy of physically realizable solutions of $2$D-Euler.