Energy Extraction from Spinning Stringy Black Holes

Abstract

We perform the first numerical simulations modeling the inflow and outflow of magnetized plasma in the Kerr-Sen spacetime, which describes classical spinning black holes (BHs) in string theory. We find that the Blandford-Znajek (BZ) mechanism, which is believed to power astrophysical relativistic outflows or ``jets'', is valid even for BHs in an alternate theory of gravity, including near the extremal limit. The BZ mechanism releases outward Poynting-flux-dominated plasma as frame-dragging forces magnetic field lines to twist. However, for nonspinning BHs, where the frame-dragging is absent, we find an alternate powering mechanism through the release of gravitational potential energy during accretion. Outflows from non-spinning stringy BHs can be approximately $250\%$ more powerful as compared to Schwarzschild BHs, due to their relatively smaller event horizon sizes and, thus, higher curvatures. Finally, by constructing the first synthetic images of near-extremal non-Kerr BHs from time-dependent simulations, we find that these can be ruled out by horizon-scale interferometric images of accreting supermassive BHs.