Upconversion of terahertz phonons in spin-ladder compounds via nonlinear coupling

Abstract

We demonstrate dynamic control of the lattice by THz light by exploiting the coupling of phonon modes. The low-energy sliding phonon modes in the spin-ladder system, Sr$_{14}$Cu$_{24}$O$_{41}$, are excited using THz radiation with high electric fields. Due to the nonlinearities induced by the THz electric fields, the low-energy phonon mode couples to the higher energy, silent optical phonon modes at $\approx$ 1.17 THz. This indirect excitation of the silent phonon mode is reflected as an enhancement of the THz transmission near 1.17 THz. Our results demonstrate that it is possible to indirectly control inaccessible phonon modes with THz frequency electromagnetic radiation, which provides opportunities to alter such material systems' electronic and magnetic properties dynamically using THz radiation.