Dark Dimension and Decaying Dark Matter Gravitons

Abstract

We explore the cosmology of the Dark Dimension scenario taking into account perturbations in the linear regime. In the context of the Dark Dimension scenario, a natural candidate for dark matter in our universe is the excitations of a tower of massive spin-2 KK gravitons. These dark gravitons are produced in the early universe and decay to lighter KK gravitons during the course of cosmological evolution. The decay causes the average dark matter mass to decrease as the universe evolves. In addition, the kinetic energy liberated in each decay leads to a kick velocity for the dark matter particles leading to a suppression of structure formation. Using current CMB (Planck), BAO and cosmic shear (KiDS-1000) data, we put a bound on the dark matter kick velocity today $v_\mathrm{today} \leq 2.2 \times 10^{-4} c$ at 95\% CL. This leads to rather specific regions of parameter space for the dark dimension scenario. The combination of the experimental bounds from cosmology, astrophysics and table-top experiments lead to the range $l_5\sim 1- 10 \, \mu m$ for the size of the Dark Dimension. The Dark Dimension scenario is found to be remarkably consistent with current observations and provides signatures that are within reach of near-future experiments.