Estimating the volumes of correlations sets in causal networks

Abstract

Causal networks beyond that in the paradigmatic Bell's theorem can lead to new kinds and applications of non-classical behavior. Their study, however, has been hindered by the fact that they define a non-convex set of correlations and only very incomplete or approximated descriptions have been obtained so far, even for the simplest scenarios. Here, we take a different stance on the problem and consider the relative volume of classical or non-classical correlations a given network gives rise to. Among many other results, we show instances where the inflation technique, arguably the most disseminated tool in the community, is unable to detect a significant portion of the non-classical behaviors. Interestingly, we also show that the use of interventions, a central tool in causal inference, can enhance substantially our ability to witness non-classicality.