Gate-tunable graphene Josephson diode effect due to magnetochiral anisotropy

Abstract

Usually the magnetochiral anisotropy related Josephson diode effect is assumed to be based on conventional two-dimensional electron gas, such as the InAs quantum well. Here we propose a graphene-based Josephson junction as a broadly gate-tunable platform for achieving nonreciprocal supercurrent within the context of magnetochiral anisotropy. We show that the resulting nonreciprocal supercurrents will exhibit a sign reversal when the graphene switches from $n$-type doping to $p$-type doping. Particularly, the magnitude of the nonreciprocity is highly sensitive to the electrostatic doping level of graphene, enabling gate control of the diode efficiency from zero up to approximately $40\%$. This giant gate-tunability stems from the chiral nature of the pseudo-relativistic carriers in grapehe, allowing the graphene Josephson diode emerges as a promising element for advanced superconducting circuits and computation devices. Moreover, we have also obtained the so-called $0-\pi$-like phase transitions in the current-phase relation, in coincidence with recent experimental finding.