Fluctuation relations for a few observable currents at their own beat

Abstract

Coarse-grained models are widely used to explain the effective behavior of partially observable physical systems with hidden degrees of freedom. Reduction procedures in state space typically disrupt Markovianity and a fluctuation relation cannot be formulated. A recently developed framework of transition-based coarse-graining gave rise to a fluctuation relation for a single current, while all others are hidden. Here, we extend the treatment to an arbitrary number of observable currents. Crucial for the derivation are the concepts of mixed currents and their conjugated effective affinities, that can be inferred from the time series of observable transitions. We also discuss the connection to generating functions, transient behavior, and how our result recovers the fluctuation relation for a complete set of currents.