Shadow images of compact objects in beyond Horndeski theory

Abstract

A beyond Horndeski theory is considered that admits wormholes, black holes and naked singularities. In this theory the shadow images of the black holes and the exotic compact objects (ECOs), illuminated by an optically and geometrically thin disk, are investigated. The results show that the three kinds of objects cast unlike shadow images, in particular, because the different objects possess a different number of light rings. The different boundaries of the accretion disk also affect the images. This may provide further insight into the nature of the shadow images of massive compact objects.