Kohn-Sham-Proca equations for ultrafast exciton dynamics

Abstract

A long standing problem in time dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) has been the absence of a functional able to capture excitonic physics under laser pump conditions. Here we introduce a Kohn-Sham-Proca scheme that we demonstrate reproduces both linear response excitonic effects in the absorption in excellent agreement with experiment for a wide range of materials, but also captures excitonic physics in the highly non-linear regime of ultrafast laser pumping, in particular laser fluence dependent "bleaching" (i.e. reduction) of the excitonic weight and the appearance of excitonic side bands. The approach is a procedural functional -- the Kohn-Sham and Proca equations are simultaneously time propagated -- allowing the straight-forward inclusion of, for example, lattice and spin degrees of freedom into excitonic physics.