Three-dimensional velocity fields of the solar filament eruptions detected by CHASE

Abstract

The eruption of solar filaments, also known as prominences appearing off-limb, is a common phenomenon in the solar atmosphere. It ejects massive plasma and high-energy particles into interplanetary space, disturbing the solar-terrestrial environment. It is vital to obtain the three-dimensional velocity fields of erupting filaments for space-weather predictions. We derive the three-dimensional kinematics of an off-limb prominence and an on-disk filament, respectively, using the full-disk spectral and imaging data detected by the Chinese H$\alpha$ Solar Explorer (CHASE). It is found that both the prominence and the filament experience a fast semicircle-shaped expansion at first. The prominence keeps propagating outward with an increasing velocity until escaping successfully, whereas the south leg of the prominence finally moves back to the Sun in a swirling manner. For the filament, the internal plasma falls back to the Sun associated with an anticlockwise rotation in the late ejection, matching the failed eruption without a coronal mass ejection. During the eruptions, both the prominence and the filament show material splitting along the line-of-sight direction, revealed by the bimodal H$\alpha$ spectral profiles. For the prominence, the splitting begins at the top and gradually spreads to almost the whole prominence with a fast blue-shift component and a slow red-shift component. The material splitting in the filament is more fragmental. As shown by the present results, the CHASE full-disk spectroscopic observations make it possible to systematically study the three-dimensional kinematics of solar filament eruptions.