A note on the hyperbolicity of the non-wandering sets of real quadratic maps

Abstract

The goal of this paper is to discuss about the hyperbolicity of the non-wandering set $\mathcal{NW}(f_c)$ of real quadratic function $f_c(x)=x^2+c$ when $c\in (-\infty, -2]$. Even though the results we present here are not new, it is not easier to find the proofs of them. We present two different ways to prove the hyperbolicity of $\mathcal{NW}(f_c)$ for the``considerably difficult case'' of when $c$ is closer to $-2$.