On the onset of slip at adhesive elastic interfaces

Abstract

The transition from static to dynamic friction when an elastic body is slid over another is now known to result from the motion of interface rupture fronts. These fronts may be either crack-like or pulse-like, with the latter involving reattachment in the wake of the front. How and why these fronts occur remains a subject of active theoretical and experimental investigation, given its wide ranging implications for a range of problems in tribology. In this work, we investigate this question using an elastic lattice-network representation; bulk and interface bonds are simulated to deform and, in the latter case, break and reform dynamically in response to an applied remote displacement. We find that, contrary to the oft-cited rigid body scenario with Coulomb-type friction laws, the type of rupture front observed depends intimately on the location of the applied boundary condition. Depending on whether the sliding solid is pulled, pushed or sheared -- all equivalent applications in the rigid case -- distinct interface rupture modes can occur. We quantify these rupture modes, evaluate the interface stresses that lead to their formation, and and study their subsequent propagation dynamics. A strong analogy between the sliding friction problem and mode II fracture emerges from our results, with attendant wave speeds ranging from slow to Rayleigh. We discuss how these fronts mediate interface motion and implications for the general transition mechanism from static to dynamic friction.