Optimizing Maximally Entangled State Generation via Pontryagin's Principle

Abstract

We propose an optimal control strategy to generate maximally entangled states in bipartite quantum systems. Leveraging the Pontryagin Principle, we derive time-dependent control fields that maximize the entanglement measure, specifically concurrence, within minimal time while adhering to input constraints. Our formulation addresses the Liouville-von Neumann dynamics of the reduced density matrix under unitary evolution. The strategy is numerically validated through simulations, demonstrating its ability to drive the system from an initial perturbed separable state to a maximally entangled target state. The results showcase the effectiveness of switching control fields in optimizing entanglement, with potential applications in quantum technologies, including communication, computation, and sensing.