Large diversity of magnetic phases in two-dimensional magnets with spin-orbit coupling and superconductivity

Abstract

We classify the magnetic ground states of a 2D lattice of localized magnetic moments which are coupled to a superconducting substrate with Rashba-spin-orbit coupling. We discover a rich magnetic phase diagram with surprisingly complex structures including 2q-spin-spirals, a 2x2-periodic pattern, and skyrmion lattices, self-consistently, using an effective classical spin Hamiltonian and show that the system hosts non-zero 4-spin interactions. Our in-depth analysis of about ten thousand magnetic configurations becomes feasible using contrastive clustering, a recent advanced unsupervised machine learning technique. This work proposes simple few-band systems for non-collinear magnetic states and stimulates further research on topological effects in their self-consistent electronic structure.