Edge Quasi $\lambda$-distance-balanced Graphs in Metric Space

Abstract

In a graph $A$, the measure $|M_g^A(f)|=m_g^A(f)$ for each arbitrary edge $f=gh$ counts the edges in $A$ closer to $g$ than $h$. $A$ is termed an edge quasi-$\lambda$-distance-balanced graph in a metric space (abbreviated as $EQDBG$), where a rational number ($>1$) is assigned to each edge $f=gh$ such that $m_g^A(f)=\lambda^{\pm1}m_h^A(f)$. This paper introduces and discusses these graph concepts, providing essential examples and construction methods. The study examines how every $EQDBG$ is a bipartite graph and calculates the edge-Szeged index for such graphs. Additionally, it explores their properties in Cartesian and lexicographic products. Lastly, the concept is extended to nicely edge distance-balanced and strongly edge distance-balanced graphs revealing significant outcomes.