A second order approach to the Kato square root problem on open sets

Abstract

We obtain the Kato square root property for coupled second-order elliptic systems in divergence form subject to mixed boundary conditions on an open and possibly unbounded set in $\mathbb{R}^n$ under two simple geometric conditions: The Dirichlet boundary parts for the respective components are Ahlfors--David regular and a quantitative connectivity property in the spirit of locally uniform domains holds near the remaining Neumann boundary parts. In contrast to earlier work, our proof is not based on the first-order approach due to Axelsson--Keith--McIntosh but uses a second-order approach in the spirit of the original solution to the Kato square root problem on Euclidean space. This way, the proof becomes substantially shorter and technically less demanding.