Berezinskii--Kosterlitz--Thouless transition of the two-dimensional $XY$ model on the honeycomb lattice

Abstract

The Berezinskii--Kosterlitz--Thouless (BKT) transition of the two-dimensional $XY$ model on the honeycomb lattice is investigated using both the techniques of Neural Network (NN) and Monte Carlo simulations. It is demonstrated in the literature that with certain plausible assumptions, the associated critical temperature $T_{\text{BKT,H}}$ is found to be $\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$ exactly. Surprisingly, the value of $T_{\text{BKT,H}}$ obtained from our NN calculations is 0.560(9) which deviates significantly from $\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$. In addition, based on the helicity modulus, the $T_{\text{BKT,H}}$ determined is 0.571(8) agreeing well with that resulting from the NN estimation. The outcomes presented in this study indicate that a detailed analytic calculation is desirable to solve the found discrepancy.