Dark Photon Dark Matter in Quantum Electromagnetodynamics and Detection at Haloscope Experiments

Abstract

The ultralight dark photon is one of intriguing dark matter candidates. The interaction between the visible photon and dark photon is introduced by the gauge kinetic mixing between the field strength tensors of the Abelian gauge groups in the Standard Model and dark sector. The relativistic electrodynamics was generalized to quantum electromagnetodynamics (QEMD) in the presence of both electric and magnetic charges. The photon is described by two four-potentials corresponding to two $U(1)$ gauge groups and satisfying non-trivial commutation relations. In this work, we construct the low-energy dark photon-photon interactions in the framework of QEMD and obtain new dark photon-photon kinetic mixings. The consequent field equations and the new Maxwell's equations are derived in this framework. We also investigate the detection strategies of dark photon as light dark matter as well as the generic kinetic mixings at haloscope experiments.