Asymptotic Normality of Centroids of Random Polygons

Abstract

We explore the asymptotic behavior of the centroids of random polygons constructed from regular polygons with vertices on the unit circle by extending the rays so that their lengths form a random permutation of the first (n) integers. Surprisingly, this question has connections to diverse mathematical contexts, including random matrix theory and discrete Fourier transforms. Through rigorous analysis, we establish that the sequence of the suitably rescaled centroids converges to a circularly-symmetric complex normal distribution with variance (\frac{1}{12}). This result is a manifestation of central limit behavior in a setting involving sums of heavily dependent random variables.