Asymptotic expansions for semilinear waves on asymptotically flat spacetimes

Abstract

We establish precise asymptotic expansions for solutions to semilinear wave equations with power-type nonlinearities on asymptotically flat spacetimes. Our analysis focuses on two key cases: cubic nonlinearities and higher-order power nonlinearities. For cubic nonlinearities of the form $a(t,x) \, ϕ^3$, we prove asymptotic expansions for the solution globally in the spacetime. In the special case of compact spatial regions, solutions exhibit the asymptotic behavior $ϕ(t, x) = c \, t^{-2} + \mathcal{O}(t^{-3+})$. For higher-order nonlinearities $a(t,x) \, ϕ^p$ with $p \geq 4$, we prove the solution satisfies $ϕ(t, x) = d \, t^{-3} + \mathcal{O}(t^{-4+})$, thereby extending the classical Price's law (a late-time tail postulated in 1972) to nonlinear settings in a precise fashion. These results sharpen previous decay estimates for nonlinear waves. We develop a radiation field expansion and a low-energy resolvent expansion adapted to conormal asymptotic inputs, extending Hintz's approach for linear waves to the semilinear setting. Our methods connect geometric microlocal analysis (b-calculus) with classical physical-space techniques, providing a convenient tool for analyzing asymptotic behavior of nonlinear waves.