Proportions of Incommensurate, Resonant, and Chaotic Orbits for Torus Maps

Abstract

This paper focuses on distinguishing classes of dynamical behavior for one- and two-dimensional torus maps, in particular between orbits that are incommensurate, resonant, periodic, or chaotic. We first consider Arnold's circle map, for which there is a universal power law for the fraction of nonresonant orbits as a function of the amplitude of the nonlinearity. Our methods give a more precise calculation of the coefficients for this power law. For two-dimensional torus maps, we show that there is no such universal law for any of the classes of orbits. However, we find different categories of maps with qualitatively similar behavior. Our results are obtained using three fast and high precision numerical methods: weighted Birkhoff averages, Farey trees, and resonance orders.