Short Simple Geodesic Loops on a 2-Sphere

Abstract

The classic Lusternik--Schnirelmann theorem states that there are three distinct simple periodic geodesics on any Riemannian 2-sphere $M$. It has been proven by Y. Liokumovich, A. Nabutovsky and R. Rotman that the shortest three such curves have lengths bounded in terms of the diameter $d$ of $M$. We show that at any point $p$ on $M$ there exist at least two distinct simple geodesic loops (geodesic segments that start and end at $p$) whose lengths are respectively bounded by $8d$ and $14d$.