Single-proton removal reaction in the IQMD+GEMINI model benchmarked by elemental fragmentation cross sections of $^{29-33}\mathrm{Si}$ on carbon at $\sim$230~MeV/nucleon

Abstract

We report on the first measurement of the elemental fragmentation cross sections (EFCSs) of $^{29-33}\mathrm{Si}$ on a carbon target at $\sim$230~MeV/nucleon. The experimental data covering charge changes of $\Delta Z$ = 1-4 are reproduced well by the isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics (IQMD) coupled with the evaporation GEMINI (IQMD+GEMINI) model. We further explore the mechanisms underlying the single-proton removal reaction in this model framework. We conclude that the cross sections from direct proton knockout exhibit a overall weak dependence on the mass number of $\mathrm{Si}$ projectiles. The proton evaporation induced after the projectile excitation significantly affects the cross sections for neutron-deficient $\mathrm{Si}$ isotopes, while neutron evaporation plays a crucial role in the reactions of neutron-rich $\mathrm{Si}$ isotopes. It is presented that the relative magnitude of one-proton and one-neutron separation energies is an essential factor that influences evaporation processes.