Optimizing RPL Routing Using Tabu Search to Improve Link Stability and Energy Consumption in IoT Networks

Abstract

In the Internet of Things (IoT) networks, the Routing Protocol for Low-power and Lossy Networks (RPL) is a widely adopted standard due to its efficiency in managing resource-constrained and energy-limited nodes. However, persistent challenges such as high energy consumption, unstable links, and suboptimal routing continue to hinder network performance, affecting both the longevity of the network and the reliability of data transmission. This paper proposes an enhanced RPL routing mechanism by integrating the Tabu Search (TS) optimization algorithm to address these issues. The proposed approach focuses on optimizing the parent and child selection process in the RPL protocol, leveraging a composite cost function that incorporates critical parameters, including Residual Energy, Transmission Energy, Distance to Sink, Hop Count(HC), Expected Transmission Count (ETX), and Link Stability Rate(LSR). Through extensive simulations, we demonstrate that our method significantly improves link stability, reduces energy consumption, and enhances the packet delivery ratio, leading to a more efficient and longer-lasting IoT network. The findings suggest that TS can effectively balance the trade-offs inherent in IoT routing, providing a practical solution for improving the overall performance of RPL-based networks.