When invariance implies exchangeability (and applications to invariant Keisler measures)

Abstract

We study the problem of when, given a countable homogeneous structure $M$ and a space $S$ of expansions of $M$, every $\mathrm{Aut}(M)$-invariant probability measure on $S$ is exchangeable (i.e. invariant under all permutations of the domain). We show, for example, that if $M$ is a finitely bounded homogeneous $3$-hypergraph with free amalgamation (including the generic tetrahedron-free $3$-hypergraph), all $\mathrm{Aut}(M)$-invariant random expansions by graphs are exchangeable. Moreover, we extend and recover both the work of Angel, Kechris, and Lyons on invariant random orderings and some of the work of Crane and Towsner, and Ackerman on relative exchangeability. In the second part of the paper, we apply our results to the study of invariant Keisler measures, which we prove to be particular invariant random expansions. Thus, we describe the spaces of invariant Keisler measures of various homogeneous structures, obtaining the first results of this kind since the work of Albert and Ensley. We also show there are $2^{\aleph_0}$ supersimple homogeneous ternary structures for which there are non-forking formulas which are universally measure zero.