Dogs on forest trails; Understanding ecology of Striped Hyena and wild Canids in the presence of free-ranging dogs in Udanti-Sitanadi Tiger Reserve, Central India using Joint Distribution and Deep Neural Networks

Abstract

This study uses Joint Species Distribution Models (JSDMs) and Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) to explore how wild carnivores and free-ranging dogs interact in the Udanti-Sitanadi Tiger Reserve (USTR) in Central India. The research focuses on key species like the Striped Hyena, Grey Wolf, Golden Jackal, and Indian Fox, revealing significant overlaps in habitat with free-ranging dogs, especially in densely populated areas like the Sitanadi region of the tiger reserve. These overlaps pose serious risks to wildlife through competition for resources, predation, and the spread of diseases. The study shows that the Striped Hyena prefers gentle slopes and forested areas, while the Grey Wolf tends to avoid cropland and thrives in regions with higher rainfall that supports a stable prey base. The Golden Jackal, more adaptable than the others, favors west-facing slopes and stable temperatures, whereas the Indian Fox is mainly found in the less disturbed, mountainous Kuladighat region. Additionally, the study highlights the potential impacts of climate change, predicting that the Grey Wolf could face habitat extinction under more severe scenarios. These findings underscore the urgent need for conservation strategies tailored to address both dog wild carnivore interactions and the growing challenges posed by climate change, focusing on protecting the critical habitats of vulnerable species like the Striped Hyena and Grey Wolf.