$M$-functions and screw functions originating from Goldbach's problem and zeros of the Riemann zeta function

Abstract

We study the $M$-functions, which describe the limit theorem for the value-distributions of the secondary main terms in the asymptotic formulas for the summatory functions of the Goldbach counting function. One of the new aspects is a sufficient condition for the Riemann hypothesis provided by some formulas of the $M$-functions, which was a necessary condition in previous work. The other new aspect is the relation between the secondary main terms and the screw functions, which provides another necessary and sufficient condition for the Riemann hypothesis. We study such $M$-functions and screw functions in generalized settings by axiomatizing them.