Hybrid boson sampling

Abstract

We propose boson sampling from a system of coupled photons and Bose-Einstein condensed atoms placed inside a multi-mode cavity as a simulation process testing quantum advantage of quantum systems over classical computers. Consider a two-level atomic transition far-detuned from photon frequency. An atom-photon scattering and interatomic collisions provide interaction creating quasiparticles and exciting atoms, photons into squeezed entangled states orthogonal, respectively, to the atomic condensate and classical field driving the two-level transition. We find a joint probability distribution of atom and photon numbers within a quasi-equilibrium model via a hafnian of an extended covariance matrix. It shows a sampling statistics that is #P-hard for computing even if only photon numbers are sampled. Merging cavity-QED and quantum-gas technologies into hybrid boson sampling setup has the potential to overcome limitations of separate, photon or atom, sampling schemes and reveal quantum advantage.