The multiplicity-one theorem for the superspeciality of curves of genus two

Abstract

Igusa proved in 1958 that the polynomial determining the supersingularity of elliptic curve in Legendre form is separable. In this paper, we get an analogous result for curves of genus $2$ in Rosenhain form. More precisely we show that the ideal determining the superspeciality of the curve has multiplicity one at every superspecial point. Igusa used a Picard-Fucks differential operator annihilating a Gau{\ss} hypergeometric series. We shall use Lauricella system (of type D) of hypergeometric differential equations in three variables.