Cavity-induced quantum droplets

Abstract

Quantum droplets are formed in quantum many-body systems when the competition of quantum corrections with the mean-field interaction yields a stable self-bound quantum liquid. We predict the emergence of a quantum droplet when a Bose-Einstein condensate is placed in an optical resonator with transverse pumping. The strong coupling between the atoms and the cavity mode induces long-range interactions in the atoms and a roton mode for negative cavity detuning emerges. Using a Bogoliubov theory, we show that the roton mode competes with the repulsive atomic $s$-wave scattering. Due to the favorable scaling of the quantum fluctuations with respect to the volume, a self-bound stable quantum liquid emerges.