Theory of a two-dimensional anharmonic piezoelectric crystal resonator

Abstract

We developed a lattice dynamical theory of an atomically-thin compressional piezoelectric resonator. Acoustic and optical dynamic displacement response functions are derived and account for frequency-dependent electromechanical coupling. The dynamic susceptibilities for the direct and the converse piezoelectric effects are found equal. The mechanical resonant behavior of longitudinal in-plane displacement waves is investigated as a function of the lateral crystal size and of temperature in the classical and in the quantum regime. In the former case the quality factor of the resonator is inversely proportional to temperature and to crystal size. Below a cross-over temperature the quantum zero-point fluctuations become dominant and put an upper limit on the quality factor which is size independent. As experimentally relevant examples, the theory is applied on two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride and molybdenum disulfide.