Gaussian universality of $p$-adic random matrix products via corners

Abstract

We establish the universality of the singular numbers in random matrix products over $\mathrm{GL}_n(\mathbb{Q}_p)$ as the number of products approaches infinity, with a fixed $n\ge 1$. We demonstrate that, under a broad class of distributions, which we term as ``split", the asymptotics of matrix products align with the sum of the singular numbers of the matrix corners. Specifically, when matrices are independent and identically distributed, we derive the strong law of large numbers and the central limit theorem. Our approach is inspired by Van Peski's work (arXiv:2011.09356), which examines products of $n\times n$ corners of Haar-distributed elements $\mathrm{GL}_N(\mathbb{Z}_p)$. We extend the method so that the criterion now works as long as the measures are left- and right-invariant under the multiplication of $\mathrm{GL}_n(\mathbb{Z}_p)$. Building on this approach for $\mathrm{GL}_n$, we further demonstrate similar universality for $\mathrm{GSp}_{2n}$ and discuss potential extensions to general split reductive groups.