Relativistic and electron-correlation effects in static dipole polarizabilities for group 12 elements

Abstract

In this study, we report a comprehensive calculation of static dipole polarizabilities for group 12 elements using the finite-field approach in conjunction with the relativistic coupled-cluster method, including single, double, and perturbative triple excitations. Relativistic effects are systematically explored, encompassing scalar-relativistic, spin-orbit coupling (SOC), and full Dirac-Coulomb contributions. The recommended polarizability values, with uncertainties, are $37.95 \pm 0.77$ a.u. for Zn, $45.68 \pm 1.21$ a.u. for Cd, $34.04 \pm 0.68$ a.u. for Hg, and $27.92 \pm 0.28$ a.u. for Cn. These results are in excellent agreement with the 2018 compilation of static dipole polarizabilities [Mol. Phys. \textbf{117}, 1200 (2019)] and reduce uncertainties for Cd and Cn. Our analysis demonstrates that scalar-relativistic effects dominate the relativistic corrections, with SOC contributions found to be negligible. The role of electron correlation is examined across all relativistic regimes, highlighting its critical importance in achieving accurate polarizability predictions.