Scaling limits of solitons in the box-ball system

Abstract

We study the space-time scaling limits of solitons in the box-ball system with random initial distribution. In particular, we show that any recentered tagged soliton converges to a Brownian motion in the diffusive space-time scale, and also prove the large deviation principle for the tagged soliton under certain shift-ergodic invariant distributions, including Bernoulli product measures and two-sided Markov distributions. Furthermore, in the diffusive space-time scaling, we show that two tagged solitons converge to the same Brownian motion even if they are macroscopically far apart.