Altermagnetic multiferroics and altermagnetoelectric effect

Abstract

Magnetoelectric multiferroics are highly sought after for applications in low-power electronics and for advancing fundamental research, including axion insulators and dark matter detection. However, achieving a combination of ferroic spin and electric orders, along with their controllable switching, remains a significant challenge in conventional ferromagnets and antiferromagnets. Here, we present first-principles evidence that time-reversal symmetry-breaking altermagnetic spin polarization with relatively high critical temperatures can emerge in ferroelectrics BaCuF$_4$ (T$_N$ $\sim$ 275K) and Ca$_3$Mn$_2$O$_7$ (T$_N$ $\sim$ 110K). Furthermore, we classify all possible altermagnetic polar spin groups, revealing altermagnetism in a collinear phase of BiFeO$_3$. We also propose an altermagnetoelectric effect, a nonrelativistic cross-coupling between altermagnetic spin polarization and ferroelectric polarization, mediated by a rotation of nonmagnetic polyhedra in the lattice structure. Our findings suggest an alternative pathway towards high-temperature magnetoelectric multiferroicity and the electric field control of altermagnetic order parameters.